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| | Ireland's History 1990 AD - 1999 AD | | | | Friday, July 18, 2008 (3:54 PM) | | 1990 AD: Mary Robinson is elected the Republic of Ireland's first female President. John Bruton replaces Alan Dukes as leader of Fine Gael. Brian Keenan, held hostage in Beirut for several years, is released and returns to Ireland. The Republic of Ireland football team reach the World Cup finals for the first time, they lose 1-0 to Italy in the quarter finals. Alan Parker releases "The Commitments". Roddy Doyle publishes "The Snapper". Brian Friel stages "Dancing at Lughnasa". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Cork (football). The deaths of Cardinal Tomas O'Fiaich and Terence O'Neill (born 1904).
1991 AD: Republic of Ireland census: 3,526,000. An investigation is launched into alleged fraud and malpractice in the beef industry. The Irish government allows US airforce planes to refuel at Shannon Airport during the Gulf War. The "Birmingham Six", wrongly accused of involvement in the 1974 pub bombings, are released from prison in England. The convictions of the "Maguire Seven" are quashed. UVF gunmen murder three people at a mobile shop in Craigavon, County Armagh. The legal age for purchasing condoms is reduced to 17, their sale is permitted in pubs and discos. Eddie Jordan sets up his Formula 1 racing team. Sonia O'Sullivan establishes a new world record in the 5,000 metres. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Down (football).
1992 AD: Charles Haughey resigns and is replaced as Taoiseach by Albert Reynolds (February). The Republic of Ireland general election results in no clear majority (November). The Irish public overwhelmingly approve the Maastricht Treaty in a referendum. The Democratic Left Party is formed after the Workers' Party split (February). The UDA are banned in Northern Ireland. Nelson Mandela visits Ireland. The X Case, the Supreme Court allows a 14 year old girl to travel to England for an abortion. There are further referendums on the abortion issue (3 held simultaneously). Eamon Casey, Bishop of Galway, resigns after it is revealed that he is the father of a teenage son. Neil Jordan screens "The Crying Game". Barcelona Olympic Games, Michael Carruth wins a gold boxing medal (welterweight) and Wayne McCullough wins a silver boxing medal (bantamweight). The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Donegal (football).
1993 AD: The Fianna Fail and Labour coalition forms a government under Albert Reynolds. Mary Harney succeeds Desmond O'Malley as leader of the PD Party. The Downing Street Declaration is signed by Albert Reynolds and John Major. The Shankill Road bombing kills ten people in Belfast. Loyalist gunmen shoot six Catholics in retaliation within a week. The UVF kill six people when they open fire in the Rising Sun public house. The Irish punt is devalued after it is targeted by currency speculators. The budget deficiency in the Irish Republic has been reduced to 250 million pounds. Homosexuality is decriminalised in the Republic of Ireland. Jim Sheridan releases "In the Name of the Father". Roddy Doyle publishes "Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha". It wins the Booker Prize in London. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Derry (football).
1994 AD: A new Fine Gael and Labour Party coalition government is formed under John Bruton after the Labour Party withdraws its support from Fianna Fail. The broadcasting ban on Sinn Fein is lifted by the Irish and UK governments. The IRA cease-fire is inaugurated (30 August). Loyalist cease-fire is inaugurated (October 13). The Forum for Peace and Reconciliation meets in Dublin. The Emergency Powers Act in the Republic is revoked. The Irish government releases nine IRA prisoners. The RTE TV drama "The Family", with a script by Roddy Doyle, is broadcast. Frank Delaney publishes "The Sins of the Mothers". Catherine McKiernan wins the last four consecutive victories in the annual World Cross Country Grand Prix Series. Sonia O'Sullivan establishes a new world record for the 2,000 metres. Ireland reach the last 16 of the Football World Cup Finals in the USA before they are defeated by Holland. The All Ireland champions are Offaly (hurling) and Down (football).
1995 AD: The Framework Document for Northern Ireland is launched by John Bruton and John Major. US President Clinton visits Northern Ireland and Dublin to help support the peace process. A referendum in the Republic of Ireland legalises divorce by the narrowest of margins, a majority of only 9,100 out of 1,630,000 votes cast. The Irish Republic legalises the provision of information and advice on abortion. Daytime British army patrols end in Belfast. The Irish Supreme Court allows the family of a woman who has been in a coma for 20 years to withdraw her life support system. Steve Collins beats Chris Eubank to win the WBO Super Middleweight title. The All Ireland champions are Clare (hurling) and Dublin (football).
1996 AD: Republic of Ireland census: 3,621,000. Ireland assumes the Presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December. "The Sunday Independent" crime journalist, Veronica Guerin, is murdered by a drugs gang she has been investigating. The IRA cease-fire ends with the Canary Wharf bombings in London. Detective Sergeant Jerry McCabe is murdered by an armed gang in Adare, County Limerick (convictions secured 1999). Elections to the Northern Ireland Forum held. Stormont multiparty talks begin (June). Orange Marchers confront local Catholics at Drumcree, County Down, over the right to march down the Garvaghy Road (July). Telifis na Gaeilge (the Irish language TV service) is launched. Ireland wins the Eurovision Song Contest for the 4th time in five years. Seamus Heaney wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. Neil Jordan screens "Michael Collins". Frank McCourt publishes "Angela's Ashes". Michelle Smith wins three gold swimming medals at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. The All Ireland champions are Wexford (hurling) and Meath (football).
1997 AD: Mary McAleese is elected President, Ireland's second female president. As the result of the Republic of Ireland general election, Bertie Ahern forms a Fianna Fail and Progressive Democrat coalition government. The McCracken Tribunal investigates payments to politicians. Father Brendan Smith is sent to prison for 12 years for sexual offences in the Republic of Ireland. Constables John Grahame and David Andrew Johnston become the 300th and 301st RUC men to be murdered in the current troubles. Sinn Fein candidates win two seats in the UK House of Commons. The IRA announces a new cease-fire. The effects of the BSE scare are estimated to have cost the economy of the Republic of Ireland up to 1 billion pounds. The All Ireland champions are Clare (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1998 AD: The Good Friday Agreement is signed by all parties in Northern Ireland. The first all-Ireland ballot since 1918 approves the Good Friday Agreement (94.39 per cent in the Republic and 71.12 per cent in the North). A new enquiry into "Bloody Sunday" is announced by the UK government. The three Quinn children die in a Loyalist arson attack in Ballymoney, County Antrim. A car bomb planted by a dissident IRA group at Omagh, County Tyrone, kills 29 people. SDLP leader John Hume and Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble jointly receive the Nobel Peace Prize. The booming economy of the Republic of Ireland becomes known as the "Celtic Tiger". The Irish government implement measures to deal with huge increases in house prices. The Freedom of Information Act is passed in the Republic of Ireland. A monument to Ireland's World War I dead is opened in Belgium. Pat O'Connor screens "Dancing at Lughnasa". The first stages of the Tour de France are held in Ireland. The Irish under-16 and under-18 football teams win the European Championships. The All Ireland champions are Offaly (hurling) and Galway (football).
1999 AD: Ireland adopts the euro as currency. There are confrontations in Portadown following the official banning of the Orange Order parade at Drumcree. The Irish economy's growth rate of 7 per cent is the highest in Europe. The Patten Report on the future of the Royal Ulster Constabulary makes many recommendations including name and badge change. Jack Lynch, a former Taoiseach, dies. It is announced that the RUC is to be awarded the George Cross. Power is devolved to the elected Northern Ireland Assembly (2 December). The British-Irish Agreement creates a North-South Ministerial Council and other cross-border institutions. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Meath (football). | | | 74 Views | 0  Thumbs Up | 0 Comments |  |
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| | Ireland's History 1980 AD - 1989 AD | | | | Friday, July 18, 2008 (3:50 PM) | | 1980 AD: Charles Haughey and British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, establish the Anglo-Irish Committee at a summit meeting at Dublin Castle. Nearly 700,000 Irish PAYE workers join in a day of protest at the unfair tax system. A hunger strike is initiated by Republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. Cardinal O'Fiaich intervenes to avert deaths. The Derrynafflan Chalice is discovered on a national monument site in Tipperary. The Sense of Ireland Exhibition is held in London. Brian Friel stages "Translations". The All Ireland champions are Galway (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1981 AD: The Republic of Ireland census: 3,443,405. After the general election in the Republic of Ireland, the Fine Gael and Labour coalition form the government under the leadership of Garret Fitzgerald. Margaret Thatcher and Garret Fitzgerald set up the Inter-governmental Council. In the Stardust Ballroom disaster, 48 young people are killed in a fire at a Valentine's Night dance in Artane, Dublin. The IRA Hunger Strike at the Maze Prison lasts from 9 March to 3 October. Deaths begin after 66 days. The following strikers die: Bobby Sands, the elected MP for South Fermanagh whilst on strike (5 May); Francis Hughes (12 May); Patsy O'Hara (21 May); Raymond McCreesh (21 May); Joseph McDonnell (8 June); Martin Hurson (13 July); Kevin Lynch (1 August); Kieran Doherty, elected TD for Cavan-Monaghan whilst on strike (3 August); Thomas McElwee (8 August); Michael Devine (20 August). The National Concert Hall opens in Dublin. Pat O'Connor makes the TV drama "Ballroom of Romance". The All Ireland champions are Offaly (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Christy Brown, writer.
1982 AD: As a result of the February general election in the Republic of Ireland, Charles Haughey forms a new Fianna Fail government but in the general election in November, Garret Fitzgerald's Fine Gael and Labour coalition are returned to power. Michael O'Leary resigns the leadership of the Labour Party and joins Fine Gael, he is replaced by Dick Spring. Ireland refuses to participate in EEC trade sanctions on Argentina during the Falklands War. Three IRA men are ambushed and killed by the RUC near Lurgan, Armagh, and this incident is later alleged to be part of a "shoot-to-kill" policy. Droppin' Well pub bombing, INLA kill off-duty soldiers and 6 civilians. Corporal punishment is banned in Republic of Ireland schools. Ireland win the Rugby Union Triple Crown championship. Alex Higgins wins the World Professional Snooker Tournament. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Offaly (football).
1983 AD: The "Bugging Scandal", it is revealed that the previous Fianna Fail administration placed wire taps on journalists Bruce Arnold and Geraldine Kennedy. Inaugural meeting of the New Ireland Forum at Dublin Castle. The Irish Republic appoints its first Ombudsman. A policeman and a soldier are killed during the rescue of kidnap victim Don Tidey, following the most intensive manhunt in the history of the Irish Republic. The race horse, Shergar, is kidnapped from the Ballymany Stud, Newbridge, Kildare, he is never found. The "Supergrass" trials begin in Northern Ireland, 14 UVF members are convicted in the Joseph Bennet trial, and 22 IRA members in the Christopher Black trial. Nine prisoners escape a mass break-out from the Maze Prison, a warder is killed. Two CIE trains crash near the town of Kildare and 8 people are killed. The punt is devalued by 5 per cent. The Naas By-pass, the Irish Republic's first motorway, is opened. A referendum is held on whether to place an anti-abortion amendment in the Irish constitution, it is carried by 841,000 votes to 416,000. The concept of illegitimacy is abolished in the Irish legal code. Eamon Coughlan wins the 5,000 metres race at the Helsinki World Championships. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Dublin (football).
1984 AD: US President, Ronald Reagan, visits Ireland. The New Ireland Forum publishes a report suggesting three possible solutions for breaking the Northern Ireland impasse (May). Dominick McGlinchey, accused of murdering three worshippers in Darkley Pentecostal Hall in 1983, is extradited from the Republic to Northern Ireland. John Stalker begins an enquiry into the RUC killings of suspected Republican terrorists in Northern Ireland. The IRA bomb the Conservative Party Conference at the Grand Hotel, Brighton (October). Margaret Thatcher rejects the proposals of the New Ireland Forum in her "Out! Out! Out!" speech (19 November). The Republic's Department of Post and Telegraph is divided into An Post (postal services) and Telecom Eireann (telecommunications). The Irish Shipping Company is liquidated. This heralds the end of the Irish merchant marine. The East Link toll bridge is opened in Dublin. The famous Liffey Ferry ceases its operations. Natural gas from the Kinsale field begins to be pumped into Dublin. The restoration of Kilmainham Hospital, Dublin, the finest seventeenth century building in Ireland, is completed. Neil Jordan screens "Company of Wolves". U2 release "The Unforgettable Fire". John Tracey wins a silver medal in the marathon at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Liam O'Flaherty (born 1894).
1985 AD: The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed between the UK and the Republic of Ireland at Hillsborough (15 November). Breakaway Fianna Fail TDs and their supporters form the Progressive Democrat Party under the leadership of Desmond O'Malley. An Air India Boeing 747 crashes into the sea 80 miles off the Irish coast after a bomb explodes on board, all 329 people on board are killed. The Insurance Corporation of Ireland is in crisis, the Irish government intervenes with financial guarantees to protect the Allied Irish Bank. Knock Regional Airport, Mayo, receives its first commercial flight (official opening 1986). The phenomena of "moving statues" arises, a shrine to the Virgin Mary at Ballinspittle, County Cork, attracts thousands of pilgrims. Dublin musician, Bob Geldof, organises the Live Aid Concert to raise funds for victims of the Ethiopian Famine. Ireland defeat England in Dublin to win the Rugby Triple Crown. Barry McGuigan defeats Eusebio Pedroza to become the WBA featherweight champion of the world. The All Ireland champions are Offaly (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1986 AD: Republic of Ireland census: 3,541,000. John Stalker is removed from his enquiry into the RUC killings, there are allegations of a "cover-up" by the British Intelligence Services. The Belfast Appeals Court overturns the convictions in the Christopher Black "Supergrass" trial. The national transport company, CIE, is restructured into separate Bus, Rail and Dublin Bus services. A Goya and a Vermeer are amongst ten paintings stolen from the Beit Collection at Russborough House in a robbery masterminded by the Dublin criminal the "General". The ore carrier "Kowloon Bridge" runs ashore on one of the most beautiful stretches of the Dingle Peninsula, Kerry. Hurricane Charlie, the worst summer storm in living memory, causes unprecedented damage. A referendum in the Republic of Ireland rejects a constitutional amendment to permit divorce. The Pro-life movement takes court action under the Constitutional Amendment to prevent family planning clinics advising on abortion facilities abroad. Pine martens, thought to be extinct in Ireland, are discovered in the Killarney National Park. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Phil Lynott, rock musician.
1987 AD: A general election is held in the Republic of Ireland when the Labour Party withdraws from the coalition. A new Fianna Fail government is formed under Charles Haughey. Garret Fitzgerald resigns from leadership of Fine Gael and he is succeeded by Alan Dukes. An Irish Republic referendum approves the Single European Act. The British army kills eight IRA members and a civilian in an ambush at Loughgall, County Armagh. Enniskillen bombing, 11 people are killed whilst attending a Remembrance Day service at the War Memorial. The "Eksund", smuggling 150 tons of arms from Libya to Ireland for the IRA, is arrested by French authorities. A nationwide search for other arms dumps follows. Ireland's national debt spirals towards 260 billion pounds, Fianna Fail implement cutbacks in government expenditure. The Poulnabrone portak tomb is excavated in County Clare. U2 release "The Joshua Tree". Stephen Roche becomes the first Irish cyclist to win the Tour de France. He also wins the World championship at Villich, Austria, this year. Marcus O'Sullivan wins the first of three 1,500 metres at the World Indoor Championships (others 1989, 1993). The All Ireland champions are Galway (hurling) and Meath (football). The death of Eamon Andrews (born 1922), boxer and broadcaster.
1988 AD: John Hume, leader of the SDLP, holds a meeting with Gerry Adams of Sinn Fein. He is criticised by other Northern Ireland parties. A Loyalist gunman kills three mourners at an IRA funeral in Milltown Cemetery, Belfast. Two days later, two British soldiers are dragged from their car and murdered by the IRA. The Irish government brings in a harsh budget to deal with the worsening economic crisis. A tax amnesty in the Republic of Ireland raises 500 million pounds. Aer Rianta, the state-owned airport maintenance company, negotiates a contract to service the Russian Aeroflot fleet at Shannon Airport and to open duty free shops in Moscow and Leningrad Airports. The Grange Development wins compensation of two million pounds from Dublin County Council when they are refused planning permission on land they own. Dublin celebrates its millenium; the Anna Livia sculpture is unveiled in O'Connell Street and soon gets the nickname "the Floozie in the Jacuzzi". The Republic of Ireland football team reach the European Cup Finals in Germany. They beat England 1-0 but do not progress beyond the first stage. The All Ireland champions are Galway (hurling) and Meath (football). The death of Sean MacBride (born 1904).
1989 AD: As a result of the general election in the Republic of Ireland, Charles Haughey forms a coalition Fianna Fail and Progressive Democrat government. Peter Brooke is appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Mikhail Gorbachev, leader of the Soviet Union, makes a short visit to Ireland when his plane is refuelling at Shannon Airport. Johnston, Mooney and O'Brien, Dublin's oldest and best-known bakery, closes down. Century Radio, Ireland's first independent national radio station to operate legally, begins broadcasting. Jim Sheridan releases "My Left Foot". Marcus O'Sullivan establishes a new world record in the indoor 1,500 metres. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Cork (football). The death of Samuel Beckett (born 1906). | | | | 51 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1970 AD - 1979 AD | | | | Saturday, April 26, 2008 (7:30 AM) | | 1970 AD: Minister Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney are dismissed from Jack Lynch's Irish government for an alleged arms smuggling conspiracy (neither minister is convicted in a later trial). US President, Richard Nixon, visits Ireland. Gerry Fitt forms the Social Democratic Labour Party (SDLP) in Northern Ireland. The Republican movement splits into the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA. The Ulster Defence Regiment replaces the B Specials. Moderate Protestants and Catholics form the Alliance Party. The Catholic hierarchy removes its ban on Catholics attending Trinity College, Dublin. Irish banks go on strike for six months, many small businesses go broke as a result. "All Kinds of Everything", sung by Dana, wins the Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland. Van Morrison releases "Moondance". Christy O'Connor is selected as Texaco Golf Sportstar of the Year (one of five times) and Supreme Sports Star. Nijinsky, trained by Vincent O'Brien, becomes the first horse to win the English Classic "grand slam" since 1935. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1971 AD: The first British soldier is killed in the current troubles (February 6). Internment is introduced in Northern Ireland without trial for suspected Republicans (9 August). By the end of the year, 1,500 people have been placed in custody. Brian Faulkner becomes Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. The Rev Ian Paisley forms the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). The Republic of Ireland aopts decimal coinage. The "Children of Lir" group (sculptor, Oisin Kelly) is unveiled in the Garden of Remembrance, Dublin. Donal Lunney, Christie Moore, Liam O'Flynn and Andy Irvine form the Irish folk group, Planxty. Mary Lavin publishes "Collected Stories". The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Offaly (football). The death of Sean Lemass (born 1899).
1972 AD: Republic of Ireland voters opt to join the European Economic Community (EEC). The voting age in the Republic is lowered from 21 to 18. The Special Criminal Court (three judges, no jury) is initiated in Dublin to try political offences, "Bloody Sunday" in Derry, 13 demonstrators are killed by soldiers of the Parachute Regiment (30 January). The British Embassy in Dublin is burnt down during riots (2 February). The Northern Ireland parliament is suspended in favour of direct rule by the British parliament. William Whitelaw becomes first Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. The "Bloody Friday" bombings take place in Belfast, 19 people are killed and 130 injured (21 July). By the end of 1972, the "troubles" have claimed 678 lives since 1969. A referendum removes the special status of the Catholic Church from the constitution of Ireland. The Irish government introduces calue added tax (VAT). The Irish Farmers Association is founded. The NIHE, Limerick (now the University of Limerick), is officially opened. Radio na Gaeltachta begins broadcasting. Phil Lynott and Thin Lizzy have a UK hit with "Whiskey in the Jar". Seamus Heaney publishes "Wintering Out". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Offaly (football). The death of Padraic Colum (born 1881), writer.
1973 AD: The Republic of Ireland joins the EEC. Northern Ireland joins the EEC with the United Kingdom. As a result of the Republic of Ireland's general election, a Fine Gael and Labour coalition is formed under Liam Cosgrave. Erskine Hamilton Childers becomes President of Ireland. The "Claudia" arms shipment is intercepted by the Irish Navy. Elections are held for the new Northern Ireland power-sharing assembly. The Ulster United Unionist Council (UUUC) is founded by the Orange Order, DUP and other Loyalist groups. At the Sunningdale Conference, Northern Irish political parties, the UK and the Republic of Ireland agree to establish a "Council of Ireland". The Irish Civil Service removes its bar on female employees marrying. The Supreme Court rules that the ban on importing contraceptives is unconstitutional. The compulsory pass in Irish is removed from the Intermediate and Leaving Certificate Examinations. Hugh Leonard stages "Da". The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Cork (football).
1974 AD: Cearbhall O'Dalaigh becomes the fifth President of Ireland (unopposed). Loyalist terrorists explode three bombs in the centre of Dublin (24 killed) and a fourth in Monaghan town (6 killed). Ireland's biggest robbery to date takes place near Tralee, County Kerry, 75,000 pounds are stolen from a Post Office van. The UUUC win 11 out of 12 Northern Irish seats in the British general election. A Loyalist general strike closes electrical services and blockades Belfast (May). The Northern Ireland power sharing assembly is abandoned and the British government resumes direct rule. An IRA attempt to tunnel out of the Maze Prison is foiled. The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) is formed from militant dissidents in the Official IRA. In the UK, the Guildford bombing leaves 5 dead and the Birmingham pub bombings, 21 dead. The new Central Bank building in Dublin is ordered to be lowered by 13 feet (4 metres) after planners find it has exceeded its permitted height. An oil spillage from the tanker "Universal 1" threatens the West Cork coast. Powerscourt House, County Wicklow, is burnt down. Sean MacBride wins the Nobel Peace Prize. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Dublin (football). The deaths of Kate O'Brien (born 1894), and Seamus Murphy (born 1907), sculptor.
1975 AD: The IRA agree to a cease-fire in February, but this ends in November. Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention. The proposed assembly fails when the UUUC reject power sharing. In the Miami Showband massacre, three band members and two UVF men are killed. Internment in Northern Ireland ens (5 December). The Herrema kidnapping and the Monasterevan siege take place (September-October). Five people are killed in the Clogh Bridge train disaster in County Wexford. The Blessed Oliver Plunkett, executed in 1681, is canonised. The Druid Theatre, in Galway, opens. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling_ and Kerry (football). The death of Eamon de Valera (born 1882).
1976 AD: President O'Dalaigh resigns on a point of constitutional principle, he is replaced by Dr. Patrick Hillery. A report states that the Irish inflation rate is the highest in the EEC. 150,000 pounds are stolen in the Sallins mail train robbery. Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British Ambassador, and his secretary are killed by a landmine near his Rathfarnham residence. In the Kingsmill massacre, County Armagh, ten Protestants are murdered in retaliation for the murder of five Catholics on the previous day. The Peace People movement is inaugurated in Belfast after three children die in a terrorist incident. The "blanket protest" is initiated by H Block Republican prisoners against the removal of their "special category" political status. A new Adoption Act permits couples in the Irish Republic to adopt children of a different religion. Mairead Corrigan and Betty Wilson, founders of the Peace People, win the Nobel Peace Prize. Seamus Heaney publishes "North". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Dublin (football).
1977 AD: Fianna Fail are re-elected with a clear majority in the general election in the Republic of Ireland. Jack Lynch forms the government. Dr. Garret Fitzgerald succeeds Liam Cosgrave as leader of Fine Gael. The Workers' Party is founded after a split in Sinn Fein. 1,400 jobs are lost in Limerick when the Ferenka factory closes down after a long-running industrial dispute. The Treasures of Ireland Exhibition opens in the US. Alex Higgins wins the World Professional Snooker championship. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Dublin (football). The death of Sean Keating (born 1889), artist.
1978 AD: An Irish army battalion is sent to join the UN Peacekeeping Force in southern Lebanon. Jack Lynch addresses the UN General Assembly. David Cook of the Alliance Party is elected as Belfast's first non-Unionist Mayor. In the La Mon hotel bombing in County Down, 16 people are killed. The Matt Talbot Memorial Bridge opens in Dublin (the first new bridge to cross the Liffey since 1880). The Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) is founded. RTE 2, Ireland's second TV station, begins broadcasting. Bob Quinn screens "Poitin" (an Irish language film). Thin Lizzy release "Live and Dangerous". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Micheal MacLiammoir (born 1899).
1979 AD: The Republic census: 3,365,000 (an increase of 13 per cent). Jack Lynch retires from politics. He is replaced as leader of Fianna Fail and Taoiseach by Charles Haughey (December). European parliament elections are helf for the first time (15 seats in the Republic of Ireland). Successful candidates in Northern Ireland (3 seats) include John Hume and the Rev Ian Paisley. The French oil tanker "Betelgeuse" explodes at Whiddy Island Oil Refinery in Bantry Bay, killing 50 people. The death of Lord Mountbatten and three others in the Mullaghmore boat bombing. On the same day, 18 British soldiers are killed in a bomb and gun attack at Warrenpoint, County Down (27 August). The Irish Republic joins the European Monetary System which means the end of parity between sterling and the punt. The Irish postal workers' strike lasts four months. Pope John Paul II visits Ireland, 1,000,000 people attend an outside mass at Phoenix Park. In Drogheda, the Pope appeals for peace in Northern Ireland. Tomas O'Fiaich, Archbishop of Armagh, is appointed Cardinal. The Irish Film Board is established. Seamus Heaney publishes "Fieldwork". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Kerry (football). | | | | 140 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1960 AD - 1969 AD | | | | Saturday, April 26, 2008 (5:14 AM) | | 1960 AD: F.H. Boland assumes the Presidency of the General Assembly of the United Nations. The 33rd Battalion of the Irish army joins the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in the Congo during the Congo Civil War. In an ambush at Niemba, Baluba tribesmen attack an Irish patrol, killing nine Irish soldiers, only two survive (8 November). PanAm begin the first scheduled jetliner passenger service between the USA and Ireland. Aer Lingus introduces the St. Patrick, its first Boeing 707 jet, into service. The All Ireland champions are Wexford (hurling) and Down (football).
1961 AD: The Irish Republic census: 2,818,000. Northern Ireland census: 1,426,000. After the general election in the Republic of Ireland, Sean Lemass forms a minority Fianna Fail government with the support of independent members. Ireland joins UNESCO. The Bord Bainne is set up to encourage milk production and marketing. A state-owned television service is inaugurated by Radio Telefis Eireann (May). The last of the Guinness Liffey steamers is taken out of service. The West Clare railway, the subject of Percy French's song "Are Ye Right there Michael?", closes down. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Down (football).
1962 AD: The IRA abandon its six-year long campaign of attacks in Northern Ireland. Work begins on Liberty Hall, Dublin's first skyscraper (architect, Desmond R. O'Kelly). The first of Gay Byrne's weekly "Late Late Shows" is broadcast by RTE Television (6 July). The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1963 AD: US President, John F. Kennedy, visits Ireland (June). Terence O'Neill succeeds Lord Brookborough as Northern Ireland's Prime Minister and leader of the Unionist Party. William Conway is appointed Catholic Archbishop of Armagh. 11 June is the wettest day on record to date, 7.25 inches (186 mm) of rainfall at Mount Merrion, Dublin. Kilkenny Design Studios is set up. Paddy Moloney forms the Chieftains, a traditional music group. Shay Elliott becomes the first Irishman to wear the leader's yellow jersey in the Tour de France. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Dublin (football). The death of C.S. Lewis (born 1898).
1964 AD: The second Programme for Economic Expansion is published in the Republic of Ireland. An Irish Army detachment is sent to the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. The Campaign for Social Justice is established in Northern Ireland. The new American Embassy in Dublin is completed (architect, J.M. Johansen). The Ulster Folk Museum opens at Cultra, County Down. Brian Friel stages "Philadelphia Here I Come". The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Galway (football). The deaths of Maurice Walsh (born 1879), Brendan Behan (born 1923) and Sean O'Casey (born 1880).
1965 AD: In the Republic of Ireland general election, Fianna Fail form the government with independent support. Northern Ireland Prime Minister, Terence O'Neill, meets Irish Taoiseach, Sean Lemass, in Dublin. The human remains of Roger Casement are returned from England for burial at Glasnevin. The Clann na Poblachta Republican Party dissolves itself. England and Ireland sign the Free-Trade Area Agreement. The Nationalist Party in Northern Ireland enter Stormont as the official opposition. The Northern Ireland government decides to build the new town of Craigavon. Aer Lingus fly 1,100,000 passengers this year, 200 times as many as flew in 1945. John B. Keane stages "The Field". The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Galway (football). The death of W.T. Cosgrave (born 1880).
1966 AD: Jack Lynch succeeds Sean Lemass as Taoiseach. Eamon de Valera is re-elected President. Nelson's Pillar on O'Connell Street is blown up by Republicans, pranksters steal Nelson's head. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is founded in Northern Ireland. Several banking groups merge to form the Allied Irish Bank. The new Abbey Theatre is opened in Dublin. Seamus Heaney publishes "Death of a Naturalist". In horse racing, Vincent O'Brien is the top flat trainer in Britain, and Arkle wins his third consecutive Cheltenham Gold Cup. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Galway (football). The deaths of Frank O'Connor (born 1903) and Flann O'Brien (real name Brian Nolan, born 1911).
1967 AD: The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association founded. An Aer Lingus passenger plane crashes a few miles north of Dublin Airport with three deaths. Censorship is lifted on all books which have been banned for 12 years or more. The New Library at Trinity College, Dublin opens. The first ROSC exhibition of contemporary art is held at the RDS, Dublin. The Dubliners ballad group achieve international success after recording "Seven Drunken Nights". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Meath (football). The death of Patrick Kavanagh, poet (born 1904).
1968 AD: Austin Curry occupies a council house in Caledon, Tyrone, to protest against the unequal allocation of local government housing. The first major civil rights march takes place from Coalisland to Dungannon (24 August). The Derry Civil Rights march is banned by William Craig and is broken up by the police using brutality. The People's Democracy is founded by student demonstrators at Queen's University, Belfast. There is rioting in Derry (October). The Northern Irish government announces concessions to Catholics. Terence O'Neill's moderate "Ulster at the crossroads" TV speech offends many Unionists and William Craig, Stormont Minister for Home Affairs, is dismissed. The Tuskar Tock plane crash, 61 people are killed when the Aer Lingus plane St. Phelim crashes into the Irish Sea. The new University of Ulster opens in Coleraine. Ireland's first planetarium opens at the Armagh Observatory. Van Morrison releases "Astral Weeks". The All Ireland champions are Wexford (hurling) and Down (football). The deaths of W.J. Leech (born 1881), artist, and William O'Brien (born 1881), trade unionist.
1969 AD: Fianna Fail retain power in the general election in the Republic of Ireland. The Belfast to Derry civil rights march is ambushed at Burntollet Bridge (January 4). There are riots in Derry (April, July). The first death occurs in the disturbances at Dungiven (14 July). British troops move into Derry after sectarian attacks on the Bogside (14/15 August). Last elections are held for the Northern Ireland parliament. Terence O'Neill resigns as Unionist leader and is replaced by Major James Chichester-Clarke. Protestant mobs and the B Specials attack Catholic areas in Belfast, British forces intervene to protect Catholic communities (15 August). The Belfast "peace line" is established by the British army. The Hunt Report recommends the abolition of the B Specials and the disarming of the RUC. The Ulster Defence Force (UDF) is founded by militant Loyalists. The UK government issues the Downing Street Declaration. Bernadette Devlin of the Unity Party, becomes the youngest MP to sit in the British House of Commons. The Republic of Ireland introduces special tax concessions for creative artists and writers. The Irish farthing and halfpenny coins cease to be legal tender. The Wood Quay excavation of Viking Dublin begins. Samuel Beckett wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. The Clancy Brothers and the Tommy Makem ballad group disband. John B. Keane stages "Big Maggie". James Plunkett publishes "Strumpet City". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Kerry (football). | | | | 138 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1950 AD - 1959 AD | | | | Tuesday, April 22, 2008 (5:23 AM) | | 1950 AD: Noel Browne proposes the Mother and Child Scheme, Catholic bishops voice their disquiet in a letter to the Taoiseach. The Irish and Northern Irish governments co-operate to establish the Erne Drainage and Electrification Scheme. The Irish Development Authority (IDA) is founded to promote industrial growth. The first turf-run power station opens in Portarlington. In the Tilson Case, the Irish Supreme Court upholds the Catholic position on mixed marriage by ruling that parents have equal rights in deciding their child's religion, and prenuptial agreements have legal force. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Mayo (football). The deaths of James Stephens (born 1882), writer, and George Bernard Shaw (born 1856), who leaves a large sum to the National Gallery of Ireland. Clive Staples Lewis (C.S. Lewis) publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe".
1951 AD: Census figures show that the Republic of Ireland population stands at 2,961,000. Roman Catholic bishops condemn the Mother and Child Scheme. It is abandoned and Noel Browne resigns. After the general election in the Republic of Ireland, Fianna Fail forms a new governent under De Valera. Coras Trachtala (the Irish Export Board) is established. The Republic of Ireland Arts Council is set up. The Abbey Theatre, Dublin, is destroyed by fire. The Rev Ian Paisley forms the Free Presbyterian Church. Professor E. Walton of Trinity College, Dublin, shares the Nobel Prize for Physics. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Mayo (football). C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian".
1952 AD: Sean T. O'Kelly begins his second term as President. Legal adoption is introduced in the Republic of Ireland, the laws include clauses that prevent couples adopting children of a different religion and forbid couples in mixed marriages to adopt at all. The Bord Failte is established to encourage tourism in the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Management Institution is founded in Dublin. John Ford films "The Quiet Man" in Mayo. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Cavan (football). C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader".
1953 AD: Liam Kelly founds Fianna Uladh. The "Princess Victoria" ferry disaster claims 128 lives on the Stranraer-Larne route (January). Radio Eireann inaugurates the annual Thomas Davis lectures on Irish history and culture. Gael-Linn is established to help revive spoken Irish. The Irish government bans newsreel films of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The Chester Beatty Library opens in Ballsbridge, Dublin, comprising a collection of oriental and early manuscripts. The Busarus Building, Dublin, is completed (architect, Michael Scott). Samuel Beckett stages "Waiting for Godot". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Maud Gonne MacBride (born 1865). C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair".
1954 AD: In the general election in the Republic of Ireland, the Fine Gael and Labour coalition led by John T. Cosgrave ousts De Valera and Fianna Fail. The flying of the Irish tricolour is effectively banned by the Northern Ireland Parliament. Liam Lynch founds Saor Uladh in County Tyrone. Michael Manning becomes the last man to be hanged in the Republic of Ireland. The first appearance of myxamatosis, over the next decade, it almost wipes out Ireland's rabbit population. The National Stud buys the horse, Tulyar, for 200,000 pounds, a world record at the time. Brendan Behan stages "The Quare Fellow". Christy Brown publishes "My Left Foot". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Meath (football). C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Horse and His Boy".
1955 AD: Ireland joins the United Nations. A fire destroys Cork Opera House. The first motorcars arrive on the Aran Islands. Brian Moore publishes "The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne". Christy O'Connor makes the first of ten successive appearances in the Ryder Cup golf competition (last appearance 1973). The All Ireland champions are Wexford (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of Evie Hone (born 1894), artist. C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's Nephew".
1956 AD: Republic of Ireland census: 2,818,000. The Republic of Ireland gives persons born in Northern Ireland after 1922 citizenship rights. The IRA begins a new campaign of attacks in Northern Ireland. The first of the annual Cork Film Festivals is held. Ronnie Delaney wins a gold medal in the 1,500 metres at the Melbourne Olympics. The All Ireland champions are Wexford (hurling) and Galway (football). C.S. Lewis publishes, "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Last Battle".
1957 AD: De Valera and Fianna Fail are returned to power in the general election in the Republic of Ireland. Gaeltarra Eireann is founded to encourage the commercial and industrial growth of designated Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas. At the first Dublin Theatre Festival, the staging of Tennessee Williams' "The Rose Tattoo" causes controversy. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Louth (football). The deaths of Oliver St. John Gogarty (born 1878), writer, and Jack B. Yeats (born 1871), artist.
1958 AD: The first Irish army soldiers serve in a United Nations peace-keeping mission as observers in the Lebanon. The Industrial Development Act encourages foreign investment in the Republic of Ireland. Restrictions on outside ownership of industrial concerns are lifted. Aer Lingus begins passenger services to the United States (April). The Ardmore Film Studio opens near Bray, County Wicklow. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Dublin (football). The deaths of Paul Henry (born 1876), artist, and Lennox Robinson (born 1886), dramatist.
1959 AD: Eamon de Valera is elected the third President of the Republic of Ireland. Sean Lemass, Minister of Industry and Commerce, is appointed Taoiseach. The CIU and ITUC union confederations reunify into the Irish Congress of Trade Unions. The British and Irish governments reach a compromise on the disputed pictures in the Hugh Lane collection. Sean Riada composes the score for the film "Mise Eire". John B. Keane stages "Sive". The All Ireland champions are Waterford (hurling) and Kerry (football). | | | | 122 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1940 AD - 1949 AD | | | | Tuesday, April 22, 2008 (4:29 AM) | | 1940 AD: John M. Andrews is appointed Northern Ireland Prime Minister. The Irish government introduces conscription. Three people are killed in an accidental German bombing at Campile, County Wexford. German agent, Herman Goetz, is arrested and interned. John Charles McQuaid becomes Catholic Archbishop of Dublin. The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Kerry (football). The deaths of James Craig (born 1871) and Roderick O'Connor (born 1860), artist.
1941 AD: Germans bombers target Belfast, killing almost 900 people (April/May). In the worst attack, 1,500 houses are destroyed and fire engines from Republican Ireland cross the border to help (15/16 April). A German bomber mistakenly drops four bombs on Dublin, the largest lands on the North Strand and kills over 30 people (30/31 May). The terminal building at Dublin Airport is completed (architect, Desmond Fitzgerald). Kate O'Brien publishes "The Land of Spices". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The deaths of James Joyce (born 1882), Michael Healy (born 1873) and John Lavery (born 1856), artist.
1942 AD: United States troops arrive in Northern Ireland. De Valera protests at their prescence. The Federated Union of Employers is founded in Dublin. The Limerick Corporation begins demolishing parts of the Limerick "Lanes". The Irish Blood Transfusion Service is founded. The statue "The Virgin of the Twilight", now in Fitzgerald Park in Cork, is sculpted by Seamus Murphy. Patrick Kavanagh publishes "The Great Hunger". Eric Cross publishes "The Tailor and Ansty". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Dublin (football).
1943 AD: In the general election in Eire, Fianna Fail is re-elected but does not have a clear majority. Sir Basil Brooke is elected Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. The Central Bank opens in Dublin. A sea-plane en route to Foynes crashes on Mount Brandon, County Kerry, killing nine people. The Northern Ireland Arts Council is set up. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Roscommon (football).
1944 AD: Fianna Fail achieves a clear majority of 14 seats in the general election in Eire. The National Labour Party is formed by breakaway Labour Party members. In the "American note" incident, the Irish government refuses Allied demands to expel German and Japanese diplomats. The Children's Allowance is introduced for families with three or more children. Joyce Cary publishes "The Horse;s Mouth". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Roscommon (football). The deaths of Joseph Campbell (born 1879), poet, and Eoin O'Duffy (born 1892).
1945 AD: Sean T. O'Kelly is elected President of Eire. The end of World War II. It is estimated that almost 200,000 Irish-born people served in the Allied Armed Forces. Winston Churchill attacks Irish neutrality in World War II. De Valera replies defending his position (May). Coras Iompair Eireann (CIE), the national transport service, begins operating. The first transatlantic passenger flight arrives in Shannon Airport. Aer Lingus transport 5,000 passengers during the year. Kate O'Brien publishes "That Lady". The National Stud is established in County Kildare. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Cork (football). The deaths of Count John McCormack (born 1884), Irish tenor, and Eoin MacNeill (born 1867).
1946 AD: Eire census: 2,955,000. The Russians veto Ireland's application to join the United Nations. Sean MacBride founds the Clann na Poblachta Party. The Irish government inaugurates the Departments of Health and Social Welfare. The Bord na Mona (Peat Board) is established to exploit Ireland's peat resources. The ESB begins the Rural Electrification Scheme. Pan-American Airlines, BOAC and TWA begin regular flights into Shannon Airport. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1947 AD: The Republic of Ireland Health Act improves medical services and moots the controversial Mother and Child Scheme. Shannon Airport is declared a duty free area. Eamon Andrews begins his broadcasting career with Radio Eireann. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Cavan (football). The death of James Larkin (born 1876).
1948 AD: As a result of the general election in Eire, Fine Gael and the Labour Party form an administration under John A. Costello (the first coalition government in Ireland). Costello announces Ireland will become a republic (September). The Republic of Ireland Act is passed (21 December). An Taisce (the heritage and planning body) is established. "The Heat of the Day" by Elizabeth Bowen is published. The All Ireland champions are Waterford (hurling) and Cavan (football).
1949 AD: Eire officially becomes a republic and leaves the commonwealth. The Ireland Act is passed in Britain, giving Irish citizens special status and confirming Northern Ireland will remain part of UK. The Irish government declines to compromise its neutrality by joining NATO. The last Dublin to Dalkey tram runs. The All Ireland champions are Meath (hurling) and Tipperary (football). The deaths of Douglas Hyde (born 1860) and Edith Somerville (born 1858), writer. | | | | 200 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1930 AD - 1939 AD | | | | Tuesday, April 22, 2008 (3:47 AM) | | 1930 AD: The Labour Party separates from Irish Trade Union Congress. The Censorship Board begins banning books and publications. The Dublin corporation area now include new suburbs. The first Irish Sweepstakes draw. Micheal MacLiammoir opens the Gate Theatre in Dublin. Henry Seagrave (born 1896) is killed whilst setting a new world water speed record on Lake Windermere, England. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1931 AD: W.T. Cosgrave secures the Statute of Westminster from Britain, giving the dominions the right to repeal or amend UK Acts which are part of their law. Sean MacBride founds Saorstat Eireann. The Free State Public Safety Act extends police powers and sets up a military tribunal to try political crimes, 12 organisations are banned, including the IRA and Saorstat Eireann. The An Oige Youth Hostel movement is founded. Building work starts on the Church of Christ the King, Cork (architects, B. Byrne and J.R. Boyd-Barrett). Eamon de Valera founds "The Irish Press" newspaper. Frank O'Connor publishes "Guests of the Nation". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of William Orpen (born 1878), artist.
1932 AD: After the Irish Free State general election, Eamon de Valera forms a Fianna Fail government. The Free State government suspends its military tribunal and releases political prisoners. The Parliamentary Oath of Allegiance is abolished by de Valera. A "trade war" begins over de Valera's cancellation of annuity payments due to Britain for loans made in the Land Reform era. Britain retaliates by imposing heavy customs duties on imported Irish goods. The Army Comrades Association is founded from ex-soldiers of the Free State Army. Eamon de Valera is inaugurated as Chairman of the League of Nations. The Northern Ireland parliament moves to a new building at Stormont, which is officially opened by Edward, Prince of Wales. Unemployed Catholic and Protestant workers riot in Belfast. The Eucharistic Congress is held in Dublin. It also commemorates 1,500 years of Irish Christianity. Maurice Walshe publishes "Blackcock's Feather". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1933 AD: Fianna Fail retain power in the Irish Free State general election. The Army Comrade's Association elects Eoin O'Duffy as President. It changes its name to the National Guard and members receive the nickname "Blueshirts". The National Guard is proclaimed as an illegal organisation (August). The National Guard merges with Cumann na nGaedheal and the National Centre Party to form the United Ireland Party (later Fine Gael) under the leadership of O'Duffy (2 September). The Communist Party of Ireland is refounded. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Cavan (football).
1934 AD: Eoin O'Duffy resigns from the Fine Gael Party. Pensions are given to the anti-Treaty Civil War veterans. The Free State and UK governments sign a Coal-Cattle Agreement. Changes in the primary school syllabus place greater emphasis on the Irish language and nationalist attitudes. Irish is declared a compulsory subject for the Leaving Certificate. Robert Flaherty's documentary film "Man of Aran" is premiered. The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Galway (football).
1935 AD: W.T. Cosgrave is elected as chairman of Fine Gael. There is rioting in Belfast (May). The importation and sale of contraceptives is banned. The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Cavan (football). The death of George William Russell (born 1867), the writer and artist known as AE (Æ).
1936 AD: The Irish Free State census: 2,969,000. The Free State government severs most of the remaining links with Britain in preparation for the introduction of a new constitution. The Senate of the Irish Free State is abolished. The IRA is declared an illegal organisation. The annual commemoration at Wolfe Tone's grave in Bodenstown is banned. Fine Gael expels the Blueshirts. Henry Boyle Somerville, reitred British admiral, is assassinated by the IRA. The Spanish Civil War begins. General Eoin O'Duffy leads 450 Blueshirts to join Franco's forces. Frank Ryan and other Republican sympathisers make their way separately to Spain, where they form the 150-strong James Connolly Column of the International Brigade. Irish Sea Airways, later Aer Lingus, the national airline, opens its first route, from Baldonnell Airport to Bristol using a DH 84. "The Dawn" is made in Killarney, the first Irish feature film with sound. Oliver St. John Gogarty publishes "As I Was Going Down Sackville Street". Sean O'Faolain publishes "Bird Alone". The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Mayo (football).
1937 AD: Northern Ireland census: 1,280,000. Eamon de Valera's new constitution of Eire is published. It allows for an elected presidency and a two-house parliament comprising a Legislature (the Dail) and a vocationally based Senate. A referendum accepts the new constitution, Fianna Fail comfortably win the general election which is held at the same time as the referendum. The constitution comes into effect on 29 December. Irish Volunteers in Spain fight on both sides in the month-long Battle of Jarama. Foynes, on the Shannon estuary, is inaugurated as a flying-boat stop on the transatlantic route. The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1938 AD: Douglas Hyde becomes the first President of Ireland under the new constitution. There is a Free State general election after the government unexpectedly falls on the issue of civil service arbitration. Fianna Fail are returned with an increased majority. The "trade war" ends when the UK and Irish governments negotiate agreements on land loans, treaty ports and economic issues. Ireland regains possession of the British naval bases in Cork Harbour, Berehaven and Lough Swilly. Michael Donnellan founds the Clan na Talmhan Political Party. Trolley-buses replace trams in Belfast. Patrick Kavanagh publishes "The Green Fool". Samuel Beckett publishes "Murphy". The All Ireland champions are Dublin (hurling) and Galway (football).
1939 AD: The IRA begin a bombing campaign in England (January). The Coventry bomb kills five people (August). The Irish government outlaws the IRA. The Offences Against the State Act establishes te Special Criminal Court for political offenders. World War II begins (1 September). The Dail passes a Bill declaring Ireland's neutrality on September 3, which sees the start of the Emergency (the World War II years in Ireland). The UK government decides not to extend conscription to Northern Ireland after Catholic bishops state their opposition. The Irish Red Cross is founded. James Joyce publishes "Finnegan's Wake". Flann O'Brien publishes "At Swim Two Birds". The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling) and Kerry (football). The death of William Butler Yeats (born 1865). | | | | 160 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1920 AD - 1929 AD | | | | Monday, April 21, 2008 (5:45 AM) | | 1920 AD: "Black and Tan" police units (composed of former British army soldiers recruited in England) arrive in Ireland to reinforce the RIC. Thomas MacCurtain, Mayor of Cork, is assassinated in his home by the RIC. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is established and attacks police barracks throughout Ireland. Crown forces attack civilian property in Limerick, Mallow, Trim, Cork and other centres. The Black and Tans sack the small town of Balbriggan, near Dublin (20 September). Terence MacSwiney, Mayor of Cork dies while on a hunger strike in Brixton Prison (25 October). Kevin Barry, aged 18, becomes the youngest IRA man executed in the war (1 November). The Michael Collins' "Squad" kill 14 British intelligence officers at locations throughout Dublin (night of 20 November). The Black and Tans open fire at Croke Park on the following day, killing 14 spectators and a player (Bloody Sunday). The UK parliament passes the so-called "partition act" (the Act for the Better Government of Ireland). There is sectarian rioting in Derry (19 killed) and Belfast (13 killed). Hundreds of Catholic families living in Protestant areas flee during July and August. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and Ulster Special Constabulary are established. Irish soldiers of the Connaught Rangers mutiny in India, one man is executed and others receive long prison sentences. The All Ireland champions are Dublin (hurling) and Tipperary (football). The death of Percy French (born 1854), the composer of the popular song, "The Mountains of Mourne".
1921 AD: Sir James Craig replaces Edward Carson as leader of the Unionist Party. The first elections are held for the new Northern Ireland parliament. The Northern Ireland parliament is formally opened by George V (22 June). The Southern parliament is boycotted by Sinn Fein and adjourns (28 June). Custom House, Dublin, is burnt down by the IRA. A truce between Sinn Fein and the British government comes into operation (11 July). Anti-Catholic riots in Belfast in response to the truce claim 16 lives (July). Sinn Fein convenes the second Dail Eireann (16 August) and sends a delegation led by Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith to London (9 October). At the Anglo-Irish Conference, Lloyd George insists that the six Ulster counties remain outside of an independent Ireland. He threatens to resume hostilities within three days (11 October-6 December). The Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed by the Irish delegation, excluding the six Ulster counties (6 December). De Valera rejects the Treaty (8 December). Proportional representation replaces the majority vote in local government elections. The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Dublin (football).
1922 AD: The Dail Eireann ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes (7 January). De Valera resigns as the President of Sinn Fein and leads the anti-Treaty faction out of the Dail (9/10 January). Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dail Eireann. Michael Collins is appointed Chairman of the provisional government. Dublin Castle is handed over to Michael Collins and British rule in Ireland ends (16 January). The "League of the Republic" is formed by Eamon de Valera. Anti-Treaty IRA members form their own army council under Liam Lynch. The Four Courts, Dublin, are occupied by the anti-Treaty IRA (14 April). The first Irish Free State general election is held, the pro-Treaty candidates win a clear majority (16 June). The IRA Convention splits on the issue of the Treaty (18 June). The Irish Civil War begins. The Free State forces shell the Four Courts (28 June). The Free State government captures the Four Courts (30 June) and gains control of Dublin. The Free State army captures Waterford and Limerick (July), Cork city (10 August) and Fermoy (11 October). The Dail Eireann gives military courts the right to sentence prisoners to death (October). Seventy-seven anti-Treaty Republicans are executed during the course of the war. During sectarian riots in Ulster in June and July over 450 people are killed in Belfast alone. Thousands of Catholics flee Ulster. The IRA assassinate Sir Henry Wilson (born 1864) in London. Michael Collins (born 1890) is killed in an ambush at Beal na mBlath, County Cork (22 August). The Dail elects William Thomas Cosgrave as head of its provisional government (9 September). The All Ireland champions are Kilkenny (hurling and Dublin (football). The UK Parliament Act establishes the Irish Free State (6 December). Arthur Griffith (born 1871) and Robert Erskine Childers (born 1870) are executed by the Free State.
1923 AD: De Valera orders anti-Treaty forces to cease fighting (27 April). The Civil War ends (24 May). W.T. Cosgrave establishes the Cumann na nGaedheal Party. In the Free State general election, W.T. Cosgrave retains power (Eamon de Valera and 43 other Sinn Fein members of the new Dail abstain). The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations. The Garda Siochana are formed. The Free State abolishes workhouses. The Land Commission takes over the duties of the Congested Districts Board. An Irish film censor is appointed. The Appeals Board includes W.B. Yeats. The United Council of Christian Churches and Communions is formed, representing Methodists, Presbyterians and the Church of Ireland. Sean O'Casey stages "Shadow of a Gunman". George Bernard Shaw stages "St. Joan". Daniel Corkery publishes "The Hidden Ireland". James Joyce publishes "Ulysses". The All Ireland champions are Galway (hurling) and Dublin (football). The death of Edward Martyn (born 1859), co-founder of the Abbey Theatre.
1924 AD: The Boundary Commission meets in London. In the "army mutiny", two government ministers resign after officers object to a reduction of the army by 25,000 soldiers; General Eoin O'Duffy is appointed the new Commander-in-Chief. The Free State Air Corps is founded. The Intermediate and Leaving Certificate Examinations are established. The first regular air service between Ireland and Britain is inaugurated (from Belfast to Liverpool). The film-censor bans 104 films. The All Ireland champions are Dublin (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1925 AD: Boundary Commission findings are leaked by "The Morning Post". The two governments agree to retain the existing Ulster/Free State border. In the Northern Ireland General Election, the Unionists gain almost total control of the Northern Ireland Parliament. The IRA breaks with Eamon de Valera and forms an independent Army Council. Legislation allowing divorce is effectively barred in the Free State. Annual examinations for entrance into the Irish Civil Service are introduced. Construction work on the Shannon Hydro-electric Scheme begins. Production starts on the Thomond car, believed to be the first car manufactured in the Free State. The film "Irish Destiny" is released. Sean O'Casey stages "Juno and the Paycock". Liam O'Flaherty publishes "The Informer". The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Galway (football).
1926 AD: The Irish Free State census: 2,972,000. The Northern Ireland census: 1,257,000. Eamon de Valera breaks with Sinn Fein and founds the Fianna Fail Party (May 16). The 2RN radio station is established in Dublin. The staging of Sean O'Casey's "The Plough and The Stars" at the Abbey Theatre leads to rioting. George Bernard Shaw is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. The first Aga Khan Trophy Competition (for military teams) is held at the Dublin Horse Show. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football).
1927 AD: In the Free State general election, Cumann na nGaedheal retain power but are forced to resign when Eamon de Valera and 42 other abstaining Fianna Fail members re-enter the Dail (August). Cumann na nGaedheal narrowly defeat Fianna Fail in a second general election (September). Compulsory school attendance up to the age of 14 is introduced. The Electricity Supply Board (ESB) is established under Thomas McLaughlin, architect of the Shannon Hydro-electric Scheme. The Agricultural Credit Corporation is founded. Kevin O'Higgins, Minister for Justice, is assassinated by Republican gunmen. Henry Seagrave sets a new world land speed record at Daytona Beach, Florida. The All Ireland champions are Dublin (hurling) and Kildare (football). The deaths of Countess Marcievicz (born 1868) and John Dillon (born 1851), the Home Rule politician.
1928 AD: New Irish coinage is issued, featuring the harp on one side and Irish animals and birds on the other (designer, Percy Metcalfe). Irish is declared a compulsory subject for the Intermediate Certificate. The Bremen makes the first east-west transatlantic air crossing, from Baldonnell Airport to Greely Island, Labrador. The last sighting of a golden eagle in Ireland (Donegal). Michael MacLiammoir and Hilton Edwards establish the Gate Theatre Company. John McCormack is appointed a Papal count for his services to music. W.B. Yeats publishes "The Tower". Peadar O'Donnell publishes "Islanders". The first Irish team attends the Olympic Games. Pat O'Callaghan wins a gold medal in the hammer throwing event. The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kildare (football).
1929 AD: Northern Ireland abolishes proportional representation. The first Irish banknotes are issued. The Censorship of Publications Act establishes the Irish Censorship Board. The Centenary of Catholic Emancipation celebrations are held. Ardnacrusha Power Station opened on the Shannon Scheme. Alfred Hitchcock films "Juno and the Paycock" with the Abbey Theatre cast (in London). Elizabeth Bowen publishes "Last September". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kerry (football). | | | | 293 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1917 AD - 1919 AD | | | | Monday, April 21, 2008 (4:41 AM) | | 1917 AD: The remaining Easter Rising internees are released from prison (June). Eamon de Valera wins the Clare East by-election (July 10). Other Sinn Fein candidates win by-elections in Roscommon North (February), Longford South (May) and Kilkenny City (August). Lloyd George convenes the Irish Convention but Sinn Fein refuse to participate (25 July - 1 August 1918). The Sinn Fein Ard Feis is held at the Mansion House, Dublin; Eamon de Valera is elected President (25 October). The Irish Volunteers elect de Valera as their leader (26 October). At the Battle of Messines Ridge, Flanders, the 16th (Irish) Division fights alongside the 36th (Ulster) Division. The All Ireland champions are Dublin (hurling) and Wexford (football). Thomas Ashe (born 1885) dies as the result of a hunger strike in Mountjoy Jail and Francis Ledwidge (born 1887) is killed in the second Battle of Ypres.
1918 AD: Voting rights are extended to all men over 21 and qualified women over 30. The Military Service Act introduces conscription but it is abandoned when opposed by the Church, the Home Rule Party and Sinn Fein. Eamon de Valera and leading Nationalists are interned over the non-existent "German Plot" (May). Five hundred are drowned when the "Kingstown", a Holyhead mailboat, sinks. World War I ends (11 November), some 350,000 Irishmen served with the British army, of whom at least 35,000 were killed. There is a general election in the UK. The Home Rule Party wins only 6 seats. Sinn Fein candidates, who state they will boycott parliament, win 73 seats. Unionist candidates win 26 seats. Countess Marcievicz, of Sinn Fein, is the first woman to win a seat in the House of Commons (December). Brinsley MacNamara publishes "Valley of the Squinting Windows". The All Ireland champions are Limerick (hurling) and Wexford (football). The death of John Redmond (born 1856).
1919 AD: Sinn Fein convenes the first Dail Eireann (Irish parliament), which issues a Declaration of Independence and elects Cathal Brugha as Acting President (21/22 January). The War of Independence begins at Soloheadbeag, County Tipperary, when two RIC men are killed by Volunteers (21 January). Eamon de Valera escapes from Lincoln Jail (February). The Dail Eireann elects Eamon de Valera as President (1 April). Sinn Fein is suppressed, first in Tipperary then in other disturbed areas. There are widespread ambushes, arms raids and assassinations. British soldiers loot shops and homes in Fermoy and Cork City. The "Limerick Soviet" seizes control of the city after local unions call a general strike (April). Alcock and Brown land in Clifden, Galway, after completing the first non-stop transatlantic flight. W.B. Yeats publishes "The Wild Swans at Coole". The All Ireland champions are Cork (hurling) and Kildare (football). | | | | 95 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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| | Ireland's History 1916 AD | | | | Wednesday, April 9, 2008 (2:18 PM) | | | 1916 AD: James Connolly joins the Military Council of the IRB, a rising is planned for 23 April, Easter Sunday. The "Aud", with 20,000 rifles and munitions sails from Germany (9 April). A submarine follows with Roger Casement (12 April). The "Aud" is arrested in Tralee Bay by a British naval patrol (20 April), then scuttled by her crew in Cork Harbour (21 April). Roger Casement lands with two companions at Banna Strand, Fenit, near Tralee. He is arrested by British forces within a few hours (21 April). Eoin MacNeill places a newspaper advertisement cancelling Volunteer "manouevres" on Easter Sunday. The IRB Military Council reverse the order (23 April). The Easter Rising begins; the GPO is occupied by Volunteers and Patrick Pearse reads the Proclamation of the Irish Republic from its steps. Boland's Mills, the College of Surgeons and other Dublin buildings are seized by the rebels (24 April). General Lowe declares martial law and moves British reinforcements into the centre of Dublin. The citizen army garrison in the College of Surgeons is overwhelmed (26 April). British troops secure the Liffey quays and isolate the GPO. A navy gunboat bombards the city centre. The Sherwood Foresters are ambushed at the Mount Street Bridge by Volunteers, they suffer over 230 casualties (26 April). Francis Sheehy-Skeffington (born 1878) and two others are murdered by Captain J.C. Bowen-Colthurst. An IRB force under Thomas Ashe attacks the RIC at Ashbourne Meath (27 April). Patrick Pearse surrenders to General Lowe at the GPO (29 April). The Easter Rising casualties (dead and wounded) include 184 insurgents, 530 British Forces and 2,300 civilians. Captured insurgents, including Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins and Countess Marcievicz, are sent to be interned in England. The following insurgent leaders are executed at Kilmainham Jail in Dublin: on 3 May, Patrick Pearse (born 1879), Thomas Clarke (born 1857), Thomas MacDonagh (born 1878); on 4 May, Edward Daly, Michael O'Hanrahan, William Pearse, Thomas Plunkett (born 1887, he marries Francis Gifford a few hours before his execution); on 5 May, John MacBride (born 1865); on 8 May, Eamon Ceannt (born 1881), Con Colbert, Sean Heuston and Michael Mallin; on 12 May, James Connolly (born 1868) and Sean MacDiarmada (born 1884). Thomas Kent is executed in Cork on 9 May. Roger Casement is tried in England and sentenced to death (29 June). The "Black Journal" (possibly forged by British intelligence) is circulated to discourage a reprieve. Casement (born 1864) is hanged at Pentonville Prison on 3 August. Lloyd George seeks to negotiate a Home Rule agreement which excludes six Ulster counties. This is rejected by John Redmond (of the Irish Parliamentary Party). The first of the Easter Rising internees in England are freed and return home (December). At the Battle of the Somme in France (1-11 July), the 36th (Ulster) Division suffer over 5,000 casualties. The Twelfth of July Orange Marches are cancelled and replaced with a five-minute silence. The 16th (Irish) Division suffers 4,500 casualties at Ginchy in the later stages of the Somme offensive (September). Lennox Robinson stages "The Whiteheaded Boy". James Joyce publishes "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man". James Stephens publishes "Insurrection in Dublin". The All Ireland champions are Tipperary (hurling) and Wexford (football). | | | | 92 Views | 0 Thumbs Up | 0 Comments | |
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